Skip to main content
PeptiDex - Peptide Research and Education Platform
PeptiDex

Peptide Research Index

Research-backed

⚠️ Educational only · Not medical advice · Consult a doctor · Most peptides are research-only / not FDA-approved for human use

Research Disclaimer

All information on PeptiDex is for educational and research purposes only. None of the compounds discussed are FDA-approved for human consumption unless explicitly noted (e.g., Semaglutide under prescription). Always consult a qualified medical professional before considering any peptide protocol. The vendors listed operate as raw chemical and laboratory supply companies. Their products are intended solely for authorized laboratory, educational, and research purposes. PeptiDex does not sell, distribute, or endorse any compound for human or animal use.

PeptiDex

The independent, evidence-based peptide research index. Trusted by researchers worldwide.

Learn & Research

  • Peptide 101 Hub
  • Peptide Library
  • Evidence Dashboard
  • Research Blog
  • FAQ

Compare & Source

  • Vendor Reviews
  • Price Comparison
  • Compare Tool
  • Cycle Planner
  • Community Stacks

Recent Articles

  • Tesamorelin: What Sets It Apart from Every Other Growth Hormone Peptide
  • Peptide Stacking in 2026: Why Combination Protocols Are Redefining Results
  • The 2026 FDA Peptide Reclassification: What It Means for Patients, Providers, and the Future of Peptide Therapy

© 2026 PeptiDex. All rights reserved.

About UsEditorial PolicyMedical DisclaimerPrivacy & Terms
Home
Library
BlogStartToolsSaved
Back to Library

⚠️ Educational only · Not medical advice · Consult a doctor · Most peptides are research-only / not FDA-approved for human use

SS-31

Also: Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131

Mitochondrial Peptide

Last Updated: April 1, 2026

AI Reference Summary

SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131) is a prominently researched experimental compound classified strictly within the Mitochondrial Peptide framework. Operating primarily through advanced pharmacological pathways, it functions by mitochondrial protection. Selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it stabilizes cardiolipin for efficient electron transport chain function. with a documented biological half-life of roughly 4 hours, in preclinical investigative trials and independent academic studies, researchers utilizing SS-31 have documented significant, quantifiable biological outcomes, primarily focusing on energy, recovery, neuroprotection. Typical research protocols investigate administering 4000 to 4000mcg via subq pathways 7x/wk. However, it is critically important to understand that while SS-31 demonstrates profound physiological potential in highly controlled laboratory settings, it remains classified strictly as a research chemical and has not been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human therapeutic, diagnostic, or dietary consumption. Independent chemical analysis via rigorous third-party Certificate of Analysis (COA) testing utilizing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) remains the industry gold standard for verifying its base elemental stability when reconstituted appropriately in sterile bacteriostatic water.

GEO Optimized Extract178 Words (Optimal)

How It Works

Mitochondrial protection. Selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it stabilizes cardiolipin for efficient electron transport chain function.

Primary Benefits

1Energy
2recovery
3neuroprotection

Key Studies

SS-31 (Elamipretide) clinical trials overview

Szeto (Br. J. Pharmacol.): Comprehensive review of elamipretide mechanism and clinical trial results in heart failure, mitochondrial myopathy, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

moderate

Elamipretide stabilizes cardiolipin and cristae structure

Birk et al. (Pharmaceuticals): Detailed mechanism review showing elamipretide binds cardiolipin, stabilizes mitochondrial cristae, reduces ROS, and improves oxidative phosphorylation.

preclinical

Elamipretide attenuates age-related cardiac protein modifications

Study demonstrating elamipretide can reverse age-associated post-translational heart protein modifications, restoring mitochondrial function in aged cardiac tissue.

preclinical

Elamipretide improves mitochondrial dysfunction and memory impairment

SS-31 improves LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and memory impairment in mice via BDNF signaling regulation.

preclinical

Elamipretide rescues muscle force and cardiac function in aging

Treatment improves ADP sensitivity in aged mitochondria by increasing ANT uptake, rescuing skeletal muscle force and cardiac systolic function.

preclinical

Safety Notes

Well-tolerated in multiple Phase 2/3 trials. Granted Fast Track and Orphan Drug designations by FDA.

Dosing Protocol

⚠️ For educational purposes only. Not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before using any peptide.

RouteSubQ
Dose Range4000-4000 mcg
Frequency7x/wk
TimingMorning
Cycle Length4-4 weeks
BAC Water2.5 ml / 10mg vial

Clinical trial doses: 4-40mg SubQ daily. Higher doses for cardiac indications.

Half-Life Visualization

⏱️ Half-Life: 4h

Plasma concentration over time
100%50%0%0t½ = 4h

Legal Status by Country

🇺🇸USA
Investigational
🇨🇦Canada
Investigational
🇬🇧UK
Investigational
🇪🇺EU
Investigational
🇦🇺Australia
Investigational

Last updated: 2026-01 · Laws change frequently. Verify current status in your jurisdiction.

Expected Timeline

Week 1

Improved mitochondrial efficiency; reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress

Weeks 2-4

Improved exercise capacity and recovery; reduced fatigue

Month 2-3

Cardioprotective adaptations; improved VO2 markers in clinical trials

Long-term

Sustained mitochondrial protection; FDA Fast Track designation for cardiac indications

Side Effects & Incidence

Side EffectIncidenceSeverity

Well-tolerated in Phase 2/3 trials

No serious adverse events reportedmild

Injection site reaction

~5% of usersmild

Incidence rates sourced from published clinical trial data where available; otherwise based on community research observations.

Where to Source SS-31 for Research

Finding verified, high-purity SS-31 requires rigorous COA verification. We independently evaluate vendors based on third-party HPLC testing, purity thresholds (≥98%), and batch-specific documentation.

View COA-Verified SS-31

✓ Third-party tested·✓ US shipping·✓ COA on every batch

Disclosure: PeptiDex may earn a commission from purchases made through affiliate links. This does not affect our editorial independence or recommendations. We exclusively feature vendors that pass our strict quality verification protocols.

Frequently Asked Questions

Cite This Page

PeptiDex. (2026). SS-31. PeptiDex Research Platform. https://peptidex.app/library/ss-31

For academic and research purposes.
Free Download

2026 Peptide Stack Cheat Sheet

12 stacks • exact dosages • cycle lengths • printable reference

No spam. Unsubscribe anytime.